Some low-end devices running Android may not actually have 3D hardware.
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Now let’s take a look at how to create a simple OpenGL program inīegin by creating a new “Hello, Android” project as in Section 1.2, Creating Your First Program, on page 23, but this time supply the following parameters in the New Android Project dialog box:
3 Android implements this standard as closely as possible, so you can refer to a variety of books and documentation on JSR 239 and OpenGL ES for a full description of all its classes and methods. Java’s language binding was defined by Java Specification Request (JSR) 239. The same library (with minor differences) is now available on major mobile platforms including Android, Symbian, and iPhone.Įvery language has its own language bindings for OpenGL ES, and Java is no exception.
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Today’s Linux, Mac OS X, and mobile device users can thank John and id Software for helping to keep the OpenGL standard relevant.Īted by the Khronos Group, an industry consortium of companies such as Intel, AMD, Nvidia, Nokia, Samsung, and Sony.
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His wildly popular Doom and Quake games almost single-handedly forced hardware manufacturers to keep their OpenGL device drivers up-to-date on the PC. However, one man, John Carmack, cofounder of id Software, refused to comply. Owing to Microsoft’s dominant market position and significant R&D investments, for a while it looked like Direct3D was going to take over as a de facto industry standard for gaming. In 1995, Microsoft introduced a competitor called Direct3D. OpenGL has proven to be very successful, but it almost wasn’t. You can see everything inside the frustum but nothing outside of it. For performance reasons, the frustum is usually bounded by near and far clipping planes as well.
This is called the view frustum (Latin for a “piece broken off”). If you draw a line from your eye to the four corners of the window and beyond, you would get the pyramid in Figure 10.1, on the next page. If someone replaced your window with a high-quality photograph, it would look the same until you moved.īased on how close your eye is to the window and how big the window is, you can see a limited amount of the world outside. In graphics terms, the scene outside is projected onto the window (or viewport). What do you see? Light from the sun bounces off objects outside, passes through the window, and travels to your eye so you can perceive it. Try this simple experiment: cover one eye and look out the window. When you watch television or look at a picture in a book, the 3D images are flattened out, or projected, onto a 2D surface (the TV panel or book page). The world is three-dimensional, yet we routinely view it in two dimensions. In this chapter, we’ll explore 3D concepts and build up a sample program that uses OpenGL. For these times, Android provides a three-dimensional graphics library based on the OpenGL ES standard. Two-dimensional graphics are great for most programs, but sometimes you need an extra level of depth, interactivity, or realism that isn’t possible in 2D.
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